Aims : Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths. The large group of patients in advanced stages of the disease are deprived of the chance for radical treatment. As a solid tumour with low antigenicity and heterogenic phenotype lung cancer evades host immune defence. The cytotoxic anticancer effect is suppressed by a complex mechanism in tumour microenvironment. These mechanisms of anticancer immune response are an important target to new way of treatment. The aim of session is to present current developments and findings in the mechanisms of cancer escape from immune surveillance and the progress in lung cancer immunotherapy.