Aims : New developments in noninvasive ventilation will be described, including new devices, modes, and novel approaches that allow patients to be managed earlier and to avoid intubation when NIV fails. Recent knowledge regarding the mechanisms of long-term NIV in chronic stable patients will be detailed. The symposium will be followed by the Yernault Lecture and will cover ventilatory support in children, transition to adult care and NIV in adults, new thoughts on genotype-phenotype links, evolving outcomes, organisation of care, and ethical aspects.