Aims : To present diagnostics and interventions that will increase the comprehensiveness of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programmes and will contribute to a more patient-tailored approach; to explain how to assess physical activity level in patients referred for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and how to provide cognitive behavioural therapy to promote physical activity; to describe which patients referred for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation could benefit from neuromuscular electrical stimulation and how this training modality is performed; to present what the relevance of frailty is in patients referred for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, how it should be assessed and how it can be targeted. 4) How mindfulness-based interventions can be incorporated in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and what the outcomes of these interventions are.