Aims : To answer crucial open questions about the causal relationships between adverse environmental exposures and respiratory outcomes, their interplay and elaborate strategies in order to decrease the burden of resulting respiratory diseases; to explore the interactions of poverty and environmental exposures as an additional “new” risk for respiratory health, both in low-middle, and high-income countries; to present new WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG), which are based on the expert evaluation of the latest scientific evidence on the health effects of air pollution.; to discuss what potential implications the new WHO AQG will have on the air quality legislation in EU, which is in the heart of European Green Deal, and how respiratory clinicians can use the new Guildeine in their clinical work, in increasing awarness of air polution health effects among their patients and clincicans, as well as in translation of this knowldege to relevant authorities demanding cleaner air quality policies.