Aims : The following learning outcomes can be defined: - to learn about titration of chronic NIV in patients with bulbair complaints; how do we get patients adjusted, what about additional therapies and techniques, when do you decide that with NIV goals are not achieved, when to switch to invasive MV, when decide to stop? - to learn about titration of chronic NIV in patients with COPD: should we aim for high-intensity NIV, how do we get patients adjusted to high-intensity NIV, what about BURR and in- and expiration times, what about new modes? - to learn about the detection and clinical consequences of patient-ventilator asynchrony: should we take care for this in chronic care; how can we detect this reliably, what are the clinical consequences? - to learn about the value of alternative (auto-titrating) modes: should we use AVAPS, EFL titration modes or other alternatives?