Aims : To review the expected changes associated with the introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators in the management of CF patients; to particularly review how the clinical management of paediatric and adult CF patients could change in the future considering the potential benefits of these drugs on disease progression, but also in consideration of potential side effects; to discuss the perspective of early treatment in CF children and the applications of CFTR modulators in special subgroups of CF patients, such as nonresponders and those with rare mutations; to provide a session that is intentionally translational and directed at different specialists and disciplines involved in the management of CF patients.