Aims : to present the latest advances in basic and clinical research, with a clear translational component, about the relationship between obesity and respiratory function (from wakefulness to sleep); to identify the latest advances in the description of pathophysiological mechanisms related to obesity and pulmonary dysfunction, considering a wide age spectrum, from childhood to adulthood; to present the available evidence that shows the effect of obesity on the functional level in ventilatory mechanics; to explore recent and significant advances in the study of the gut microbiota and its relationship with the manifestation of pulmonary pathology; to present the latest studies showing the different therapeutic options and clinical management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome.