Aims : To provide insights into rapidly increasing prevalence of e-cigarettes, novel nicotine and tobacco products use among adolescents and youth in Italy, Europe and globally. To present the two latest 2023 ERS statements on Tobacco 21 and on Novel nicotine and tobacco products and harm reduction and brainstorm together with the session participants on their implications for both tobacco control and clinical field. To identify, using the example of Italy, existing regulation gaps and discuss how they should be tackled in the tobacco and nicotine endgame strategies to achieve tobacco-free generation goal.