Aims : to describe the road map for implementing precision medicine in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA); to explain that deep phenotyping is a perquisite for precision medicine in OSA; to describe the endotypes or pathophysiological traits allowing to indicate personalised therapy; to perform risk stratification by describing OSA-specific metrics that were designed to capture the hypoxic burden, intensity of respiratory arousal events and cardiac autonomic response to acute events; to explain how to identify continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment failures by telemonitoring platforms and to propose early interventions.