Aims : to present and discuss (i) the methods by which gut and lung organoids can be cultured and their uses as disease models in translational research, (ii) the biological basis, methodological approaches and applications of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas) gene editing, and (iii) the technical approaches targeting epigenetic mechanisms that can be used to reprogram gene expression.